Impact Of Agents Of Socialization On Pester Power Education Essay

Impact Of Agents Of Socialization On Pester Power Education Essay Introduction In this ever changing world, there is an increasing trend in the recognition of pester power of children by the marketers. Pester power is basically the influencing power of the children which they exercise in their routine life to get what they want and indirectly affect the buying decision of their parents. The basic reason behind the acknowledgement of pester power is that exposure of the children is growing over time as they are getting more social so dictating buying decisions of their parents. Thus pester power will be the main focus of my dissertation and the researcher will attempt to determine various factors of socialization that are gradually playing their role in strengthening this kid-influence on parents purchase of products. Background The term Pester Power first originated in US in late 1970s, described as the power children had, by repeated nagging, of influencing their parents to buy advertised or fashionable items. Nicholls and Cullen (2004) studied this parent-child relationship which results in pester power and developed a matrix for it which shows that while a family in making a buying decision parents and child both have to make a tradeoff between desire of control over decision and self realization of resulting purchase. Figure below is the matrix developed by Nicholls and Cullen (2004) it depicts that when children has high self realization and parents have high desire for control their interaction results in pester power of children. Source: Nicholls, A. J., Cullen, P. (2004). The child-parent purchase relationship: pester power, human rights and retail ethics. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Problem discussion Children has an increased access to pocket money and a bigger say in purchase decisions is a result of children getting more information from various sources, being more social and demanding as well. This increase in population of youngsters and their influencing power determines a large potential customer base for marketers. Objectives and research question Based upon above background of study and problem discussion, purpose or main objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of how the agents of socialization of children make them influence their parents purchase decision. In order to conduct this research, research questions are Primary Research question RQ: Do the agents of socialization have an impact on pester power of children? Subsidiary Research questions RQ2: Does parents/peer pressure has an impact on pester power? RQ3: Do advertisements and TV programs have an impact on pester power? Literature Review Kids represent an important market segment to marketers because kids have their own buying behavior. More importantly, kids could monitor the buying decisions of their adult parents because they are the adults of future. Today most of the advertisers spend more on TV advertisements having children content to attract more children which are going to change the behavior of their parents. There are different variables involved in pester power effectiveness. That is what McNeal and Yeh, (1997) has also stated that due to increase in awareness of children market potential had increased in three ways that the children were spending money they had, that is essentially their pocket money, to satisfy their own needs and wants. Secondly, they influenced their parents spending and finally they eventually would become a loyal customer base for the companies in the long run. Interaction with parents is the first thing that influences children buying behaviors. The parents teach their children the buying behavior. Same proposition was given by Ward et al (1977) that primary socialization agents for children were parents and children behavior in adulthood was dominated by their parental influence. If there is a direct and clear communication between the children and their parents then children could be easily influenced by their parents. Mostly the pester power works if there is more emotional engagement between the parents and their children. Children learn from their parents the way in which they live, buy and eat. Moore and Moschis (1981) and Mascarenhas and Higby (1993) stated that the most instrumental among social entities were parents from which children learnt consumer behavior. Another researcher Moschis (1985) has concluded that interaction of children with all other entities was majorly influenced by their parents, when they were in direct or in direct contact with each other. Along with this he also postulated that, because of the nature of parent-child relationship, effects of other agents of socialization like peer groups and mass media were modified to a large extent. Peer Pressure is the second component of the research question, which influences children buying behaviors. Children spent a lot of their time in certain peer groups such as at school, play places or street friends belonging to different families. A child learns a lot from other children. The extent to which these gatherings influence varies from situation to situation. For example, a child can even make a decision to buy his school bag by looking at other children. Same element of influence was studied by many researchers including Parsons et al., (1953), David and Roseboroug (1955), Moschis and Moore (1981) has described the impact of peer pressure in two ways, expressive consumption and effective consumption. By expressive consumption they mean the social motivations and the materialistic values that are associated with the purchases while on the other hand, purchase styles and modes of consumptions were categorized as effective consumption influence. This study comes in line with my study that social motivation and the purchase patterns of both the parents and peers influence children. This influence may or may not be productive as Bachmann, et al (1993) stated that consumption learning from peers affected child consumer socialization directly or indirectly. Another research, stated earlier, by Ward (1974) has explained the relationship of parental influence and peer pressure with age that as age increases parental influence is over shadowed by peer pressure Impact of advertisements content and TV programs on children has gained significant importance by researchers and marketers. Berns (2004) has given a reason for the fact that children are now being used as a marketing tool is their cognitive immaturity, he argued on this point by saying that children were more likely to believe that the images or characters they see on TV were real. Some of ways in which this agent of socialization influences the pester power of children are: Making children desire things which their parents do not want to purchase by showing attractive contents in advertisements. Encouraging children to influence or advocate the buying behavior of their parents Presenting children as heroes in a particular situation such as showing a scene in which other children are in danger and one child adopts the rule of savior etc. Making Children feel inferior by showing them that if they will not buy a particular product they are not good but bad. According to OGuinn and Shrum (1997),a advertising and programming content are the two channels of communication which inform children and young people about products and encourage them to purchase. Another point that O Guinn and Shrum (1997) has stated in their findings is that consumer behavior was learned by children more easily if they were targeted with persuasion shown in commercials and various TV programs. Expansion in media messages and continuous changes in media environment are two key contributors for increasing the level of advertisement subjected towards children. Store Visits and Retailing environments also influence children buying behavior as Shim, et al (1995) proposed that children became more conscious about the information regarding products such as price and brands the more often parent took their children for the shopping. Keeping this in view marketer induce sales by adding some incentives for children to influence their parents to buy a product. For example, a fast food restaurant usually adds play place along with the dining hall or some retailer give away toys, snacks, sweets as gift with the products purchased. Although products are for adults but retailers make children pester their parents to buy that product. The attractive display of product also works in inducing this power more efficiently; these kinds of purchases made by parents under the influence of children are usually impulse purchases. According to research conducted by Schulman and Clancy (1992) on the most admired after school activities among the children depicts that watching TV got the highest attractive scores while second on the list was shopping which shows that in either of the two cases our research questions are being supported that these agents of socializations are impacting children behavior to a large extent. Cartoon character and Celebrities endorsement also has some bearing on children buying behavior. A recent study conducted by Dotson and Hyatt (2005) states that association of brands with certain popular sports, music and stars had increase the level of influence on children. Almost all children watch cartoon programs and other children oriented TV programs such as Quiz shows, Sports Shows etc. By introducing heroic characters like super-man, spider-man and various celebrities in advertisement make children buy that product because of emotional attachment of children with these things. Product category and stage of decision making process are being varied by children as the amount of influence they exert and product they prefer. For some product categories they influence purchase made by the parents and for some other products they are active initiators, information seekers, and buyers. Children influence is different for different products, product sub division, nature of socialization of children and they prefer product what they are attracted towards. Beside of the goods which are for direct consumption, children shows their influence in buying of goods for their family as their parents are less involved in the goods are preferred by them and preference increases in case of less expensive and the products for their own use. (Belch, 2004) Today, most of the marketers are targeting kids because of the change in demographics and psychographics of children population. The first learning point for the children about Where to buy is from family. The family characteristics such as family environment and parental lifestyle enhances the impact of the role of children in the different stages of taking buying decisions, as stated by Belch (2004) as well. Most of the children, when they go out with their parents on shopping, learn where a particular product or service is available and how they can reach them. The second source of children learning about where to buy comes from peer or social group they usually spend their time. As Belch (2004) stated that cultural values influence consumption related behaviors of children. The third source of children learning about where to buy comes from different advertisements and TV programs. There is big problem for children and their parents as viewers because young children are easily at tracted towards the content of advertisements and promotions. Theoretical Framework The independent variable in this study is agents of socialization and the dependent variable is pester power of children. Agents of socialization Pester power Independent variable Dependent Variable Operationalization In order to quantify independent variable, agents of socialization, the researcher has identified two indicators based upon the findings of literature review which are operationalized as under: Parent/Peer pressure: How the parents buying behavior and patterns are learned by the children because they are in constant contact with them and to what extent the interaction of children with their peer transform their preferences for products? Advertisements / TV programs: How much attention children pay to what they see on television, the retail environment impact children in nagging for a particular product and to what extent children get inclined towards a cartoon character or even children in a commercial? In order to quantify the dependent variable, pester power the researcher has identified three indicators which are operationalized as follows: Product preferences: How much differences in preference of children make them influence their parents purchase decision? Where to buy: How do children know from where they can get their desired product? How to buy: Do they know the tactic of buying the product, by nagging? Hypothesis The hypotheses developed for conducting the research are: H1: There is a relationship between agents of socialization and pester power Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship between agents of socialization and pester power Alternative hypothesis: There is a positive relationship between agents of socialization and pester power. Objectives of the Research Study Several factors such as interaction with parents, interaction with peers, shopping experiences and advertisement (Normal + Celebrity endorsement) has increased the nagging behavior of children. The more increase in interactions of a child with all these factors; it gives rise to pester power or the power of nagging in the child. For measuring pester power, the researcher has prepared a questionnaire (See Appendix) for measuring the impact of these two variables (parent/peer pressure and advertising) on pester power in children. The objective of this study is to measure the nature of relationship that exists between parent/peer pressure, advertising and pester power. Another objective is to find out if only these variables are there to boost up the pester power or there is also something else which has not yet been discovered in the previous research conducted (literature review) on pester power. Due to limited time and money constraints, it is not possible to get accurate and pure results, but the researcher will try his best to get the better results from limited resources. The finding of this study will also be helpful in the professional career of researcher being a business student. There is dramatic increase in the population of youngsters. Being an entrepreneur or marketer, this study will help the researcher to devise an efficient marketing communication strategy in his professional career for example this part of population can be targeted in marketing campaigns because of their larger proportion in the total population and maximum net marketing contribution can be obtained out of it. Secondly, this study will also be beneficial to the parents. The reason is, due to increase in population of youngsters, the marketers are targeting them in their marketing communications. This trend has positive as well as negative effects. Some marketers are using unethical tactics to market their product which is socially unacceptable. This study will help the parents to efficiently control the exposure of children to advertising and parent/peer pressure to minimize pester power and its negative effects. Research Methodology Design This study will be a questionnaire study. In questionnaire study, the respondents will be given a questionnaire and they will have to select from only available options. It is not a laboratory experiment where the environment of respondents can be controlled. It is a social research and the respondents are humans. The environment or context of this research cannot be controlled. The researcher will conduct questionnaire surveys. Questionnaire surveys are appropriate because these surveys allow quantification of data and thus quantitative evidences will be used to justify the results from research study. Questionnaire Surveys will help to gain required responses which can be further converted in quantitative terms for research. Subjects To test above mentioned hypothesis, the researcher will need to find data about agents of socialization and level of pester power. This data will be collected from parents having kids entering a shopping mall. The researcher will be using non-probability sampling method. A sample size of 100 parents entering shopping malls will be taken. Large shopping malls will be targeted for carrying out this research study. Convenience sampling method will be used for this research study. Instruments Instrument for carrying out research is already discussed above which is questionnaire surveys (quantitative research) for getting deep insights of the research problem. The researcher chose questionnaire surveys to get desired responses because quantification of data was desired. Moreover, the subjects find it easy to select an answer from given responses and therefore the response rate of questionnaire surveys are high. An interviewer completed questionnaire of close-ended statements will be used. Each questionnaire is expected to be completed within 10 minutes. So, questionnaire surveys are more flexible than any other instruments for research. Therefore, the above instruments for research study are reliable. Similarly statistical tests like z-test and t-test will be used to measure the reliability of measures. Context The research will be applied to the retail industry of United Kingdom (UK) by visiting the retail chains, retail stores and shopping malls. The research will be conducted from parents visiting the retail stores, retail chains and shopping malls of UK retail industry. Only those parents will be interviewed who will have the children under the age of 10-20 years old. Results Results obtained from the research study will be tested and validated by statistical measures using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. A z-test and t-test will be used to test significance among variables. Moreover, ANOVA will also be used to test significance of variables. Similarly, results obtained from focus groups and in-depth interviews will be tested qualitatively by recording video of these events. Research Paradigm This study Impact of agents of socialization on pester power is a quantitative, deductive and correlation study. The study is quantitative because it involves collection and analysis of numerical data as questionnaires responses can be measured on different scales and could be coded. The study is deductive because hypotheses is tested as There is a positive relationship between agents of socialization and pester power. The researcher arrived at the above hypothesis from the literature review. Now, the researcher already has a statement in the form of hypothesis, and this statement would be tested by collection of data and analysis which is a deductive approach. Finally this study is correlation study because a relationship is being measured between two different kinds of independent variables and dependent variable. In this study, agents of socialization are independent variables and pester power is dependent variable. Ethical Concerns The participants of the research study will be involved in the research with their informed consent by explaining them the purpose of the research study. The participants of the research study will be at minimal risk with no physical harm. A briefing would be given to respondents about the purpose of study by explaining the true nature of our study in order to have their informed consent. The respondents will be given a free choice to opt for giving information and responding to the questionnaire. The element of confidentiality and privacy will be of major concern during this study. The researcher will ensure confidentiality by using dummy data. Limitations It is a single mans effort and therefore some limitations will also be associated with the project and these limitations would be constraints of time and cost. In case of questionnaires surveys, participant in hurry or thinking about something else may choose a wrong response. Moreover, fatigue, anger and hunger may alter the interpretations of surveys. There could be human errors in the analysis and presentation of results. Conclusion The prime users of the study conducted will be the marketers who have to develop their advertising campaign. This point is also very important for parents as well, they try to reduce this pester power in their children, because it bring about negative changes in them, this is the reason that many countries like Canada have banned such advertisements that enhances pester power in children.

Wal-Mart Case

Wall-Mart Stores During the time of this case, there are multiple organizational capabilities that took place within the continuous growing Wall-Mart stores during 2003 as well as the years that led up to the time of this case. From the beginning of the store and the vision of Sam Walton, he used all of the different criteria for the BRIO framework. Near the beginning of the creation of Wall-Mart, Sam Walton, the founder of Wall- Mart, had many visions and a clear sense of direction he was working with.Some examples of organization he had that put him above the rest was his sense of worth for the employees by calling them associates, and allowing all employees to be able to reach him on his home phone number. This created a sense of a strong company culture within the Wall-Mart community due to the founder's efforts at communication. He worked on making connections with his employees. This shows a sense of multiple things within the BRIO framework including Value because it portrays a charisma and a personality to the customers by how the company is run and how it treats its employers.A huge part in making the firm valuable in the eyes of consumers includes their slogan, â€Å"everyday low prices†. This is attractive to all consumers because it is the lowest price but yet, comparable to some of Its competitors. Wall-Mart has guaranteed that it is the lowest price because weekly It checks out Its competitors as well such as Smart and Target. This is one of the biggest factors when it comes to Wall-Mart because people shop when it is not only super cheap, but super convenient as well.Being able to have a department store with everything you could need while eater on adding a grocery market section to Wall-Mart raised prices and the number of shoppers there alone. It is convenient because you can go Into one store for almost all of your needs at the lowest price. A resource that is rare that Wall-Mart has Is the way It started up with the distribution which included buying more merchandise directly from the manufacturers. Initially, the scale of operations was a bit modest. After Wall-Mart grew into Superstructures, this was an initial resource and capability that was rare to what other competitors had as well.It grew sales dramatically from what it had initially as mentioned above because of the high convenience and ability to buy all of your needs out In one store. Militantly the form and Idea of buying high-volume at a low merchandising cost, and buying in bulk was so rare in the market and one of its first of its kind. Compared to Smart and Target though, Smart almost failed when trying to keep its prices as low as Wall-Mart. This in fact, leads right up to the point of how costly to imitate Wall-Mart can be when looking at the BRIO framework.To be costly to imitate Wall-Mart used a bit of the other things competitors and others were doing, and Integrated these things Into what Wall-Mart was already it was discussed how Walton wou ld head to other competitors to investigate different options. He would do this for details as even as minuet as how many cars competitors parking lots could fill. There was also room to create the Superstructure as well as ‘Neighborhood Markets' which are smaller division stores around the suburban areas to create a smaller more relative size to the community.These are to seen with any of the competitors and thus must be harder to imitate since they don't have the resources. Another source that Wall-Mart has taken the advantage, due to being costly for competitors to imitate over with in the past years around this case, is the ability to extend their hours of operation to some 24 hour Wall-Marts. There are no other department, supermarket, or neighborhood stores that do this because of the cost of keeping the store open. This along with the expansion not only around the U. S. , but also the expansion globally has put Wall-Mart ahead of the rest.Organized to capture value is d isplayed in multiple different areas when it comes to Wall-Mart. One of them that continued to grow from when the company first started was its investments in information technology. Compared to when it would take months to compare the inventory-taking lags decreased from months, to weeks, to very close to actual time due to the IT transformation. It automatically linked the distribution centers to computers in the stores and suppliers. This helped utilized the firms' resources and capabilities by being able to maintain a better log of inventory.Other specifics that Wall-Mart does to maintain an organized way to capture value is to put to practice the SOOT analysis. This helps put into perspective what the company has, and perhaps things it could improve on, on a regular basis. One last thing that stuck out to me for this subject was a Balanced Scorecard which is huge within the managing community. For example, this is used often in management to balance financial results, set objec ts, measures, targets, and initiatives in terms of learning and growth, business process, and lastly, the customers.The last thing that Wall-Mart has done to have more availability to organize the capture value is by making goals, setting plans and executing these plans. Making goals, planning and organizing are all essential in a productive and efficient business as big as Wall-Mart in these days today. Through all of these different steps, Wall-Mart has been and will continue to improve in ways which every growing company should. However, BRIO is definitely something that will help keep the absolute and competitive advantage above all the other competitors and it has since its beginning around the sass's.

Today’s Soldier Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay

We usually think of war injuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. PTSD is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have endured trauma, PTSD has only been recognized as a formal diagnosis since 1980 and statistics regarding this illness indicate that approximately 7%-8% of people in the United States will likely develop PTSD in their lifetime, with the lifetime occurrence in combat veterans ranging from 10% to as high as 30%.†¦show more content†¦The more severe or chronic symptoms of PTSD can include but are not limited to; flashbacks were they relive the traumatic event for minutes or even days at a time, reacting as though the events were still occurring. Have a n increased tendency and reaction to being startled, and a disproportionate suspicion to threat along with shame or guilt and irritability or anger. They may also suffer the inability to experience pleasure, feel emotionally numb, and a reduced interest in activities they once enjoyed. Have poor concentration, difficulty remembering things, and experience hearing or seeing things that are not there. Furthermore, it is common for them to develop poor self-esteem, have poor relationships, self-destructive behavior, hopelessness about the future, substance abuse, and anti social behavior along with depression. Soldiers with PTSD may tend to avoid people, places, and things that remind them of the event. They often avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic event, seek isolation, and are highly sensitive to normal life experiences. 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Example Geography Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2516 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Geography Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Examination of the scale and extent of gentrification and its implications in London. Introduction Definition Gentrification refers to the physical, social, economic and cultural phenomenon where by working class and / or inner-city neighbourhoods are converted into more affluent middle class communities by remodeling building, resulting in increased property values and in the displacement of the poor. (Absolute Astronomy, 2005) It was Ruth Glass (1964) who was first believed to have brought the issue of gentrification to the fore with definitions such as the one outlined below. One by one, many of the working class quarters of London have been invaded by the middle-classes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" upper and lower. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Geography Essay" essay for you Create order Shabby, modest mews and cottages two rooms up and two down have been taken over, when their leases have expired, and have become elegant, expensive residences Once this process of gentrification starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the original working-class occupiers are displaced and the whole social character of the district is changed. (Hamnett, 2000) This displacement of the working class and the rehabilitation of poorer and derelict housing has led to the transformation of an area into a middle class neighbourhood. (Smith, 1996) Gentrification has been described by Slater, (2002) as a fascinating, powerful and often frighteningly rapid process which plays an important role in fashioning the physical and social form of cities. Like the more widespread process of suburbanization, it is a process which has had a profound impact on the lives of urban residents in hundreds of cities. Scale of Gentrification in London According to Butler and Robson (2003a) there are four social fields of human activity these are: housing, employment, education and consumption. It will therefore be these factors which are discussed here in identifying the scale of gentrification in the London area. Ruth Glass (1964) statement shows the effect that gentrification has had on the housing market: it is the process by which the original, poor and working-class residents, are displaced from neighbourhoods by rising costs and other forces directly related to an influx of new, wealthier residents. The Housing market is therefore an excellent indication of the change in an area, based on the contention that working class people can no longer to afford to live in these areas with rising rents and house prices. Atkinson (2000) has tried to measure the gentrification of an area through measuring this displacement of certain types of people. London has experienced massive de-industrialisation, but has also seen rap id expansion of business and financial services such as banking, legal services and management consultancies as well as the continued growth of a number of creative industries such as advertising, film and videos creation, music, fashion and design. (Hamnett,1999) Cities such as London have been characterised by the transformation of their industrial occupational, income and residential structure. The rise of cities such as this with their cultural interests and housing market demands has, in large part, been responsible for the growth of gentrification in post-industrial inner cities. Also of importance in discussing the scale of gentrification is the on going social processes through which formerly deprived or undesirable areas are transformed and made congenial to the requirements of middle class life. (Butler and Robson,2001) such as employment, education and capital. Schools and education are major issues in gentrification. Butler and Robson (2003b) highlight thi s problem. Inner London is different from the rest of the country in that it is only relatively recently that it has acquired middle -class households with children being left with what is widely seen as an education system which is seen as amongst the worst performing, particularly at secondary level, in the United Kingdom. Middle class households have the assets to be able to find non local schools or use the private education system. Working class families do not have these same resources available and therefore these children are not being given the same opportunities as their middle class peers to obtain a higher standard of education, and therefore the education infrastructures of the areas are being transformed. Employment patterns have also undergone notable changes. In Inner London, a decline has taken place amongst the skilled, manual and routine, non-manual groups whilst the growth in recent years, has occurred amongst the professional middle class. (But ler and Robson,2003b) However it has been noted by Sassen (1991) who suggested that changes in the labour market of global cities results in social polarisation.S ocial polarisation is the various ways in which many areas are becoming more socially distinct over time. In this case we are seeing areas with an originally small middle class population, becoming richer as the middle class population increases and the working class population decreases. Hamnett, (1999) states many residents work in business or creative industries in the central city or its environs, and have long or irregular hours and therefore want to live close to work and the cultural and entertainment facilities offered by the central city. He goes on to note that traditional central areas are expensive and in short supply. Consequently, the new middle class have sought out new living opportunities in the inner city. There has also been a noted increase in feminisation of the professional work force and the formation of dual career families. (Butler and Robson, 2003b) Over the last few decades more women have chosen to continue their careers as well as become mothers. This has led to the need to relocate to the inner city to avoid travelling long distances and consequently saving time. This factor can therefore contribute to the gentrification of an area and has be noted by Butler and Robson (2001) there is a large concentration of mothers or nannys pushing buggies as well as evidence of traditional family arrangements being present in Battersea. Localised patterns of gentrification by differing middle class groups are characterised by differing relations of forms of capital. This has involved examining different strategies of capital deployment in the attempt of a given group to transform the locality in which can be seen positive changes in both the material infrastructure and symbolic values of places. (Butler and Robson , 2003a) Akinson (2000a) noted the benefits this capital has had on a community through increasing the status of an area, its capital wealth leading to a decrease in social problems. Extent of Gentrification in London The gentrification of parts of inner London which began as early as the 1960s are now taking on an increasingly diverse pattern as different areas develop an identity of their own and expand the choice for the middle classes. Gentrification appears to be occurring mainly in the South and East of the city; this can be seen in areas as different as Docklands, Brixton, London Fields, Battersea, Barnsbury, Southwark and parts of New Cross. Many studies undertaken by Hamnett (2003)Butler and Robson,(2003a, 2003b) and Atkinson (2000) highlight these areas and inner London and show the scale of the gentrification in the London area. All of these areas have been gentrified, but the processed has occurred for a range of different reasons. Gentrification does not appear to occur as a geographical phenomena but occurs as a result of social factors influencing the extent of gentrification. Research undertaken by Butler for the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) has given ev idence to suggest that fact. The Docklands areas represent the sharpest differences with other middle class settlements. In this area people want convenient urban living which makes minimum demands on them. It is convenient for work in the City, has minimum maintenance and low social obligations and these appear to be what matters to the inhabitants. London Fields has a relatively minority middle class presence but the inhabitants of this area are drawn here by the strong social networks the new residents here have created. Brixton is busy and far more ethnically diverse. This area has long been thought of as the centre of Britains Afro Caribbean community. It is now more culturally and socially heterogeneous than it was, but social groups still live alongside each other here and there is also a lot of entertainment and services for the younger professional. The single, childless households of the early gentrifies of these areas have given way to the new dominant duel learner households. Nearly forty per cent of these households have children living at home. Butler and Robson (2001) noted and abundance of mothers with young children in their research area. They suggested that the main reasons for middle class people living in Battersea was, firstly its location, as it is only ten minutes for Victoria. Secondly it has one of the biggest night time economies south of the Thames. There are a large number of wine bars, bistros and restaurants all doing an apparently healthy trade, which increases the appeal of this area for young professionals and those with young children. Implications of gentrification in London Gentrification is best explained as the social and spatial manifestation of the transition from an industrial to a post-industrial economy based on financial, business and creative services, with associated changes in the nature and location of work, in the occupational class structure, earnings and incomes as well as the structure of the housing market. (Hamnett, 2003). As has already been discussed house prices in the London area have significantly increased. The same increase in rent costs has also occurred due to landlords realisation that increased income could be made from houses, flats and apartments in run down, inner city areas providing they met an acceptable standard for the middle classes. As the inner city areas fell in to decay and there was a fall in the price of inner city land relative to rising land prices in the suburbs forming the basis of the Rent Cap theory formed by Smith, 1981. Cited on Tom Slaters Website. Low income families have therefore been fo rced out of the area as they cannot afford this increase in rent and cannot afford to purchase their own property in these areas. Slater also noted a change in local amenities, services and shops. If you walk past a gourmet delicatessen, are novated Georgian house, a Starbucks Coffee outlet, rows of expensive cars, or a flash new estate agency, the chances are that you are in an area which is experiencing or has just experienced gentrification. The shops and conveniences that were once needed for the working class community are not suitable for those with a more expendable income and less of a community spirit. London is a cultural and economic diverse city. In the late 1990s twenty two per cent of Inner Londons population were not UK nationals (Buck et al.2002) However, Londons middle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" classes share a common relationship to each other which is largely exclusive of those who are not people like us. (Butler, 2003) Butler and Robson (2003b) noticed thi s increasing segregation between the classes and cultures of London. With settlements attracting certain individuals and where the community integration is of people who do the same, act the same, look the same, so families have no contact with the families of different class or ethnicity. The claim that London is a city going global has become a clichÃÆ' © but never the less reflects many of the major trends such as finance, labour markets and producer services, but wider ones such as multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism appear to be being lost. Education standard decline has also been assessed as an implication of gentrification but parents solution to this problem in gentrified areas appears to be pretty standard. Children are educated generally outside their catchment areas and often in other boroughs. The social structures of many gentrified areas have been changed and some have argued for the better, with the removal of some social problems which can occur in working class areas. The implications that this has had for London, has been the redefining of areas and the perceived improvements that these areas have benefited from. However, the down side to gentrification cannot be ignored. The original working class residents of these areas have been displaced, unable to keep up with rising living costs and are unable to compete with others willing and able to pay more to get in to an area. Local community spirit has already began to suffer and will continue to decline in the long term as original residents have become segregated from the new middle class inhabitants. Conclusion Gentrification is a complex phenomenon with its exact causes relatively unknown due to the fact that no one theory seems to suit all cities where this process has occurred. For London the causes appear to be massive de-industrialisation combined with an increase in white collar employment in the area. House prices have risen as have rents on properties in the areas which have been gentrified could well be classed as a cause of gentrification as it displaces the original working à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" class inhabitants, but it can also be viewed as an indication that gentrification is occurring or has already occurred. In London gentrification is widespread affecting many inner city areas the most notable have been referred to in this study. Through studies of these areas, the reasons for gentrification have been shown to be diverse depending on the needs of the new inhabitants. This has lead to extensive areas of London being gentrified to suit all new comers needs. The scale a nd impact of gentrification has been seen through looking at property prices, education impacts, social changes and the flow of capital in to these deprived areas. Increased property prices and flows of capitalism in to areas leads to an overall improvement of the economic structure of the area. Social problems become less significant and areas left to decay and become derelict are redeveloped and improved. However, although gentrification has had such a positive impact on so many people and areas, the faults of the process must also be noted. Areas traditionally used for working à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" class housing have been lost. Individual characters of neighbourhoods are being slowly eroded as the needs of the residents have change with chains of stores colonising high streets. The original working class residents have been displaced and forced to move to areas outside of London where property values and rents are more realistic for their incomes, and the ones who have man aged to stay are some what segregated from the new residents who prefer to have their own network of friends. The community will then suffer due to a lack of diversity and a lack of resident collectively identifying problems and dealing with issues such as poor school standards. Some have argued and noted (Hartman1979 and Marcus, 1986) that gentrification has been both prevalent and socially harmful to areas, while others view as it bringing benefits to communities, increasing their status, capital wealth and improvement of social problems. As gentrification is widespread and in the case of London comprehensive, this essay will therefore evaluate the extent and scale of gentrification in London as well as the implications it has had on the city both negatively and positively.

Research Paper (Bah Fraud and Larceny) - 1347 Words

|CATEGORIES |POINTS TO BE GRADED ON: 100 PTS TOTAL |POINTS | |INTEREST | |(5) | | |Many everyday scenarios in the Military are easily overlooked when they do not| | | |directly involve you. This research project explores the common crimes of | | | |larceny and fraud as it pertains inside the military. | | |†¦show more content†¦| | | | | | | |This is the fraud that is used more commonly in the military. Soldiers use | | | |different mechanisms in the military finance department to attempt to receive | | | |more money than they are authorized to receive, particularly for the Basic | | | |Allowance for Housing (BAH). | | | | | | | |Wire/Mail fraud – | | | |Using any means of communication or information delivering system such as | | | |television, phones, computers or mail for the purpose of selling items not | | |

The Crucible Quotes Free Essays

string(83) " had been smirched by the village, and he meant to right matters however he could\." â€Å"He believed he was being persecuted wherever he went, despite his best efforts to win people and God to his side† Miller about Parris and how he doesn’t belong to the community but belongs to religion pg13 â€Å"To the European world the whole province was a barbaric frontier inhabited by a sect of fanatics† Belonging to a place – Miller says this about Salem 13 â€Å"Their creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or ‘vain enjoyment’. † Miller says what belonging to a community/group can lead people to feel/do 14 A holiday from work meant only that they must concentrate even more upon prayer† Miller tells us about what THEOCRATIC society required 14 â€Å"This predilection for minding other people’s business was time-honoured among the people of Salem† Miller explains what it meant when people belonged to a community 14 â€Å"The edge of the wilderness was close by†¦and it was full of mystery for them. † Miller states that belonging to such a wild place may be reason for the witch hunts 14 â€Å"†¦the Salem folk believed that the virgin forest was the Devil’s last preserve, his home base and the citadel of his final stand†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Quotes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This again shows that Miller believes that the location played a role in their beliefs. Highlights also their strong beliefs in religion and how theocracy ruled their society. 15 â€Å"†¦their church found it necessary to deny any other sect its freedom† Miller highlights that you either belonged with their church or didn’t belong at all. 15 â€Å"†¦the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together† Miller informs us, in the introduction, that Salem was theocratic and their intentions in it 16 †¦the people of Salem†¦[wanted] to prevent any kind of disunity that might open it to destruction by material or ideological enemies† This is, as Miller points out, the purpose of their theocratic society, but also gives reasons for what happened when people didn’t belong. 16 â€Å"when one rises above the individual villainy displayed, one can only pity them all, just as we shall be pitied one day† This is a clear link that Miller makes between the witch hunts of Salem and the communist witch hunts in mid century America 16 â€Å"a sense of confusion hangs about him† Stage directions that paint Parris as someone who doesn’t belong, from the very beginning 17 â€Å"trouble in this house usually lands on her back† Stage directions of act one tell us that Tituba, a slave from Barbados, does not belong in this community because she is different. 17 â€Å"Go directly home and speak nothing of unnatural causes† Parris says this to Susanna, highlighting his fear of being accused of not protecting their community, thereby not belonging to the community. 18 â€Å"Uncle, the rumour of witchcraft is all about; I think you best go down and deny it yourself† Abigail pleads with Parris to make amends. This also shows that she has great power, or at least thinks she does. Parris, terrified of not being accepted in his relatively new community decides against it. 18 â€Å"And what shall I say to them? That my daughter and my niece I discovered dancing like heathen in the forest? † Parris highlights his fear of not being accepted but also the fact that his own family are shunning accepted protocol, thereby not belonging. 19 â€Å"But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin be with it. † Parris is once again worried about never being accepted. 9 â€Å"There is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit† Parris is clear that he feels an outsider in his own community. The community he should effectively be head of seeing as it is theocratic and he is a reverend. 19 â€Å"I saw Tituba waving her arms over the fire when I came on you. Why was she doing that? † Parris questions the power Tituba has to change the girls because she isn’t trusted and is an outsider. 19 â€Å"She were swaying like a dumb beast over that fire! † Parris exclaims that not only is Tituba an outsider, she is also now compared to being an animal. 20 She always sings her Barbados songs, and we dance. † Abigail catches on quickly and realises that Tituba can easily be blamed for any indiscretions because she is already considered an outsider. Also shows that Abigail is manipulative and that she is the leader of the peer group of girls. 20 â€Å"I pray you feel the weight of truth upon you, for now my ministry’s at stake, my ministry and perhaps your cousin’s life. † Parris appeals to religion, the only thing he belongs to truly, and then fears not only for his daughter’s life but also him losing face in the community. 20 I have fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some good respect is rising for me in the parish, you compromise my character. † Parris is clear that the only thing that truly concerns him is reputation, name and being in charge. Not even his daughter’s life seems important. 20 â€Å"I would not be her slave†¦I will not black my face for any of them! † The juxtapositioning of colour here highlights that Tituba is an outsider in this community. 20 â€Å"†¦the Devil’s touch is heavier than sick. It’s death, y’know, it’s death drivin’ into them, forked and hoofed. Mrs Putnam prays on people’s fears of the devil 21 â€Å"Thomas, I pray you, leap not to witchcraft. I know that you – you least of all, Thomas, would ever wish so disastrous a charge laid upon me. † Parris, petrified that the Putnams, people with great influence, will ruin him. 22 â€Å"They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house. † Again, Parris is worried about being an outsider and lo sing face. 22 â€Å"Thomas Putnam felt that his own name and the honour of his family had been smirched by the village, and he meant to right matters however he could. You read "The Crucible Quotes" in category "Essay examples" Miller interjects in the drama and states that even Putnam worried about being an outsider 23 â€Å"So it is not surprising to find that many accusations against people are in the handwriting of Thomas Putnam†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Putnam, as Miller explains, decided to fight out first rather than have any suspicions land on him, against his name. 23 â€Å"Tituba knows how to speak to the dead, Mr Parris. † Mrs Putnam, also along with Abigail, knows to put blame on the one true outsider – Tituba. 23 â€Å"Oh Abigail, what proper payment for my charity! Now I am undone. Parris, not worried solely about his daughter’s life/death but that his reputation is done. 24 â€Å"They will topple me with this! † Again, Parris is worried about being finally cast out of the society/community 24 â€Å"I have no answer for that crowd. † Use of exclusive language â€Å"that† separates Parris from the rest of the community 24 â€Å"Let you strike out against the Devil, and the village will bless you for it! They’re thirsty for your word, Mister! † Putnam, using his influence, pleads with Parris to say something to the community. He is also astute enough to realise he should pray on Parris’ fear of exclusion. 4/25 â€Å"I’ll lead them in a psalm, but let you say nothing of witchcraft yet. I will not discuss it. † Parris as head of the theocratic society. 25 â€Å"Listen, now; if they be questioning us, tell them we danced – I told him as much already. † Abigail is now leading the peer group – calling the shots. 25 â€Å"What’ll we do? The village is out! The whole country’s talkin’ witchcraft! They’ll be callin’ us witches, Abby! † Mary Warren shows that she is frightened of the consequences of going outside of the community’s main traditions/culture and that she is trying to go against Abigail, unsuccessfully 25 Abby we’ve got to tell†¦witchery’s a hangin’ error†¦you’ll only be whipped for dancin’† Mary Warren tries to use high modal language to make a stand against the head of the peer group, again highlighting her fear. 26 â€Å"Oh, you’re a great one for lookin’ aren’t you Mary Warren? What a great peeping courage you have! † Conflict between Abigail and Mary Warren – putting her down and trying to cast her out of her peer group. Makes Mary Warren want to please her/win her over again, to stay with them. It’s safer that way. 26 â€Å"BETTY: You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t tell him that! ABIGAIL: Betty, you never say that again! You will never – BETTY: †¦you drank a charm to kil l Goody Proctor. † The conflict in the peer group 26 â€Å"Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnam’s dead sisters. And that is all. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. † The main threat that Abigail uses to stay in charge of the peer group and have people fear being an outsider. 26 I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! † Again, Abigail threatens to achieve her purpose, and have people fear going against her. 27 â€Å"He need not have been a partisan of any faction in the town†¦he was the kind of man – powerful of body, even-tempered and not easily led†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Miller introduces Proctor as someone who was able to stay outside of the peer group and community and had the strength to remain true to his own convictions. 27 â€Å"Abby, I never give you hope to wait for me. † Proctor softly tells Abigail that their relationship is done and that he hasn’t wanted any more. 8 â€Å"Or did I dream that? It’s she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now! † Abigail pleads with Proctor showing what is driving her actions. Also highlights that Proctor has gone outside of his marriage. 29 â€Å"I have hardly stepped off my farm this seven-month†. Proctor makes it clear he is physically outside of his community and as a result can also be removed otherwise. 29 â€Å"She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, snivelling woman, and you bend to her! Abigail’s tension/conflict with Goody Proctor. Worried about her name and reputation in the community. 30 â€Å"Francis had originally rented the land, and one theory has it that, as he gradually paid for it and raised his social status, there were those who resented his rise. † Miller highlights that land ownership meant a lot for the community at the time 31 â€Å"I am sick of meetings; cannot the man turn his head without he have a meeting? † Proctor is discontent with the community and the way they must belong 33 â€Å"This will set us all to arguin’ again in the society, and we thought to have peace this year. Rebecca, the voice of reason, tries to placate the community; to make them all belong. 33 â€Å"We vote by name in this society, not by acreage. † Proctor, another voice of reason, says this about how they should belong in the community 33 â€Å"I never heard you worried so on this society, Mr Proctor. I do not think I saw you at Sabbath meeting since snow flew. † Putnam accuses Proctor of being an outsider because he doesn’t participate in the religious aspect of their theocratic society. 33 â€Å"There are many others who stay away from church these days because you hardly ever mention God any more. Proctor claims that there is no purpose in church since Parris arrived. He makes it unhappy and all about hell 34 â€Å"I regard that six pound a year as part of my salary. I am paid little enough without I spend six pound on firewood. † Parris is materialistic – doesn’t want to do anything unless it benefits him financially 34 â€Å"I do not fathom it, why am I persecuted here? I cannot offer one proposition but there be howling riot of argument. I have often wondered if the Devil be in it somewhere; I cannot understand you people otherwise. Parris using repeated personal pronoun to show that he feels persecuted in the society 34 â€Å"I do not wish to be put out like the cat whenever some majority feels the whim. † Parris uses simile to prove how he feels a complete outsider and the power of the community when someone does not belong. 35 â€Å"There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning! † Parris is clear in his mentality that you are either with the church or you are not 35 â€Å"†¦while there were no witches then, there are Communists and capitalists now†¦[who believe] that each side are at work undermining the other. Miller draws a direct parallel with the happenings in Salem and the communist fear in USA 39 â€Å"They must be; they are weighted with authority. † Hale uses this metaphor early on to show that he has great authority and even though an outsider is granted respect almost immediately. 40 â€Å"How can it be the Devil? Why would he choose my house to strike? We have all manner of licentious people in the village! † Parris wants to find himself a part of the community, particularly because he is the religious leader, but he does so by separating himself from the rest. 44 I never called him! Tituba, Tituba†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Abigail making the first of her allegations against Tituba and in doing so proving her strength in the peer group. People see what she is capable of. 45 â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it! † High modal accusation towards Tituba. 45 â€Å"You beg me to conjure! She beg me make charm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tituba tries to fight against the allegations but is already an outsider and hasn’t got the chance to win. 46 â€Å"Sometimes I wake and find myself standing in the open doorway and not a stitch on my body! I always hear her laughing in my sleep. I hear her singing her Barbados songs and tempting me with†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Abigail again reinforces her position and shows how strong she is in terms of leading the peer group; sways the community against Tituba. 46 â€Å"You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to your death, Tituba! † Parris gives Tituba a fairly unfair ultimatum and shows again that being an outsider is bad. He also implies that you need to be a strong person to stand by your own name and convictions in this community. 46 â€Å"No, no, don’t hang Tituba! I tell him I don’t desire to work for him, sir. Tituba realises she must go against the truth and convictions to stay alive. She goes along with Abigail’s stories and makes it seem as though she wants to stop. 46 HALE: You have confessed yourself to witchcraft, and that speaks a wish to come to Heaven’s side. TITUBA: Oh, God bless you, Mr Hale! HALE: †¦You are God’s instrument put in our hands toâ € ¦cleanse our village. Hale uses the metaphor to prove that people within the community believe Abigail, but also that Tituba has the opportunity to belong for the first time. 48 â€Å"I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus!†¦ I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! † The calling out – Abigail starts accusing and setting people as outsiders for nothing. 49 â€Å"A fireplace is at the left, and behind it a stairway leading upstairs†¦he swings a pot out of the fire and smells it. † Miller paints a domestic picture and then juxtaposes it with the frosty portrayal of marriage 51 â€Å"It’s as warm as blood beneath the clods. † An interesting description of the unseasonably warm ground Proctor provides his wife. 52 PROCTOR: If the crop is good I’ll buy George Jacob’s heifer. How would that please you? ELIZABETH: Aye, it would. PROCTOR: [with a grin] I mean to please you, Elizabeth. ELIZABETH: [it is hard to say] I know it, John. Highlights both Proctor’s need to belong in the marriage and Elizabeth’s difficulty 52 Her back is turned to him. He turns to her and watches her. A sense of their separation rises. The stage directions highlights the distance between Proctor and his wife. 52 â€Å"She frightened all my strength away†¦it is a mouse no more†¦ she says to me ‘I must go to Salem†¦I am an official of the court! ’† Elizabeth talks about how Mary Warren has changed as a result of her being a part of the group 53 Aye, it is a proper court they have now†¦there be fourteen people in jail now†¦and they’ll be tried, and the court have power to hang them too, she says. † Elizabeth recounts what Mary Warren has told her about the court and the exclusion of women from society 53 â€Å"The town’s gone wild, I think. She speak of Abigail, and I thought she were a saint, to hear her. Abigail brings the other girls into the court, and where she walks the crowd will part†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Repetition of Abigail’s name in Elizabeth’s recount of Mary’s story highlights that the focus is all around her at the moment. 53 â€Å"Oh, it is a black mischief. Proctor uses this metaphor to describe what influence Abigail has on this society, and how others are flocking to â€Å"belong† 53 â€Å"John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not. † Elizabeth has not forgiven Proctor for his indiscretion and questions him about who and what he might belong to now. 55 â€Å"You will not judge me more, Elizabeth†¦you forget nothin’ and forgive nothin’. † Proctor attempts to use high modal language to demand Elizabeth’s respect but again, he is honest in showing that he no longer truly feels as though he belongs in his marriage. 5 â€Å"I come into a court when I come into this house! † Darkly comical metaphor used by Proctor to indicate he feels judged which limits his feelings of belonging in the marriage. 55 â€Å"Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not. † Again, focussing on the judgement he feels rather than belonging. 55 â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought you but a good man, John. † Elizabeth tries to set Proctor right and uses the â€Å"heart† metaphor to imply he is the only one judging his actions and that he is limiting himself from belonging. 5 As though to compensate, Mary Warren goes to Elizabeth with a small rag doll. Miller makes it clear that the symbol used as Goody Proctor’s downfall is made known early on 56 â€Å"We must all love each other now, Goody Proctor. † Mary Warren says this in reaction to the strange situations they are now faced w ith 56 â€Å"I never knew it before, I never knew anything before. When she come into the court I say to myself, I must not accuse this woman†¦but then†¦I feel a misty coldness climbin’ up my back†¦and all at once I remembered everything she done to me! Mary Warren highlights the feelings that can overtake them during the court 57 â€Å"But the proof, the proof! † Proctor wants to be practical here. 58 â€Å"You must see it, sir, it’s God’s work we do. † Hale, and Mary Warren both proclaim this, referring to religion and what this society is based on. 58 â€Å"The Devil’s loose in Salem, Mr Proctor; we must discover where he’s hiding! † Hale, again referring to religion and the society 59 â€Å"There is a promise made in any bed – and she may dote on it now – I am sure she does – and thinks to kill me, then to take my place. Elizabeth points out to Proctor that his indiscretion led to a fal se sense of belonging for Abigail 60 â€Å"This is a strange time, Mister. No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack upon this village. † Hale makes it clear that there is some â€Å"powers of the dark† but doesn’t say Devil – maybe understanding Abigail’s power? 62 â€Å"I note that you are rarely in the church on Sabbath Day. † A small detail noted by Hale ensures that Proctor is seen as an outsider because of his lack of conforming to religious norms. 62 †¦and it [the bible] tells me that a minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar. † Proctor complaining about Parris’ need to belong to objects/materialism 63 â€Å"I like it not that Mr Parris should lay his hand upon my baby. I see no light of God in that man. † Even for Proctor, Parris is an outsider 63 â€Å"There be no mark of blame upon my life, Mr Hale. I am a covenanted Christian woman. † Elizabeth states that she is trustworthy and honest because she is a good Christian woman – the basis of their society. 64 â€Å"Theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in a fortress may be accounted small. Hale uses this metaphor to highlight the strength of religion; that you either belong to and with it or against it. But also implies in a way, that it is weak if compromised. 65 â€Å"And why not, if they must hang for denyin’ it? There are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang; have you never thought of that? † Proctor questions the very confessions the women keep making. 66 â€Å"My wife is the very brick and mortar of the church, Mr Hale. † Giles Corey uses this metaphor to highlight the insanity of his wife’s arrest 67 â€Å"Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in heaven. Hale’s powerful statement about the fall of good into evil. The way that even those that bel ong can then become isolated or alienated. 68 â€Å"†¦the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, sir. She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris’s house tonight, and without a word nor warnin’; she falls to the floor. Like a stuck beast, he says†¦stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out. † Cheever seemingly confused and alarmed by the discovery of the needle in the poppet. It highlights the lack of proof or manipulation of evidence. 70 â€Å"Why, she done it herself! I hope you’re not takin’ this for proof, Mister! † Proctor, again practical, and denying â€Å"proof† 70 â€Å"’Tis hard proof! † Cheever exclaims this. Shows the craziness of the situation; the way the beliefs of the majority can cause hysteria. 70 â€Å"I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem – vengeance is walking Salem. † 72 â€Å"I cannot charge murder on Abigail†¦she’ll kill me for sayin’ that! † 74 â€Å"I cannot†¦they’ll turn on me†¦I cannot do it, I cannot! † 74 As the curtain rises, the room is empty, but for the sunlight pouring through two high windows in the back wall. 77 How to cite The Crucible Quotes, Essay examples

Polyphonic Hmi Mixing Music and Math free essay sample

Thus there are two key challenges to address: what is the target market ND desired positioning of HAS and what Is the plan for marketing this product to achieve that positioning, given a tight shoestring budget. 2 SITUATION ANALYSIS Polyphonic HIM wants to launch, what they consider, a sophisticated, new, revolutionary software product in the music industry, with stringent budget and time constraints and therefore must swiftly define a target market and marketing plan.This begins by utilizing a framework for performing a situation analysis of the internal, the micro and macro environmental situation, composed of the typical five CSS: customers, Company, collaborators, competition, context. There are three potential target customer segments that have several unique aspects. Firstly, the record labels, that employ artist-and-repertoire (AR) people, that amongst other activities, decides whether to market a new album and if needed select one or more songs from it to be released as singl es. We will write a custom essay sample on Polyphonic Hmi: Mixing Music and Math or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is by far the smallest segment with Just over a thousand representatives, who gain their reputations and therefore wealth, based on their ability to successfully select hit songs. An AR person has a very high erasure role, always on the lookout for new talents, as they wade through hundreds of demos of new incoming artists, received on a weekly basis, while managing up to 20 artists currently on a recording contract.Secondly, the producers who can be employed by record labels or are independent, are the second largest target segment, with only a handful that are really successful and thousands of others constantly striving to establish themselves. Producers are similar to AR people but can also be engaged In many other different aspects of the production chain from editing the song to marketing the artist. Finally, the largest target customer segment is the unsigned artists, comprising tens of thousands of individuals desperately hoping to secure a recording contract with labels, while working on a tight budget.The Polyphonic HIM Company is a subsidiary of Barcelona based Group AI and was established in 2002 to market a tool that uses a process to number crun ch music into its constituent mathematical characteristics, such as tempo, harmony, etc. Based on these, a dotted visual representation Is created where songs with similar characteristics are positioned close to each other, thereby creating a mapping of now hit songs, that they call hit clusters (see Exhibit l). The extent to which new releases fit those clusters should indicate their hit potential. While not known to the music industry, Polyphonic HIM has already attempted a market penetration with a music recommendation system (based on the HAS core technology) to be used close to the end of the value chain, the retailers, to support them in Increasing sales to Albeit, the Company works with a small group of scientists and has the ability to borrow specialized resources from the parent Company, keeping running costs low UT specialized relevant competences readily available. Due to this first failure it is difficult to imagine that Polyphonic HIM may have any collaborators of their product offering.However, there is great potential for them to explore some, as their top management and advisory board comes with a strong background in the music industry. Prominent names such as MET, BMW and Sony Music Entertainment appear Nothing the biographies of some of their key staff and strong consideration should be made to the possibility of establishing collaborations with such influenti al opinion traders and distribution channels in the industry, as initial sales presentations of HAS have been met with skepticism or little attention by record label executives.This is mostly due to the fact that it is the first of its kind bearing the advantages of no direct competition. However, HAS will compete indirectly with other market research methods of call-out studies, internet polling and focus groups, used by record companies. Moreover, if it is successful, the low barriers to entry for software products may result in swift competitive reactions and the creation of new direct competitors who could take a share of its targeted market.